Theater and Movie Reviews: Aging in Theater and Film


The Irishman
Written and directed by Martin Scorcese
Starring Robert DeNiro, Al Pacino, and Joe Pesci

The Underlying Chris
Written by Will Eno
Directed by Kenny Leon
Second Stage Theater, Manhattan
December 5, 2019

63 Up
Directed by Michael Apted

 New Year’s 2020 (and, BTW, Happy New Year! to my readers) is a good time to think about aging. Boyhood, the famed 2015 movie that followed the evolution of a dysfunctional family, all filmed by director Richard Linklater over 12 years with the same actors, was at heart a creative attempt to show aging. It was fascinating to watch the young actor Ellar Coltrane (age 6 at the start) grow and evolve, not to mention grownups Ethan Hawke and Patricia Arquette, over the span of the film. While the storyline itself was basic and not particularly memorable (the parents divorce, the kid manages), the unprecedented technique of filming a movie over a such a span was a fascinating special effect. The director accomplished this perhaps even better with his three Before…movies (Before Sunrise (1995), Before Sunset (2004), Before Midnight (2013)), following the same fictional relationship between Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy over 18 years, but in three movies. Nature overcomes nurture in Linklater’s films, as none of the characters much changes their underlying traits (or love for one another) despite major life changes. This approach is reassuring somehow, but perhaps not ideal for those whose lives are not going so well.

Three recent productions have taken stabs at this same theme, each fascinating in different ways. Martin Scorcese’s The Irishman follows the career of Mafia bagman Frank Sheeran (Robert DeNiro) over 40+ years, including his relationship with Teamsters boss Jimmy Hoffa, he of the mysterious, still unsolved death. The film uses digital effects (not just makeup) to age the multiple characters from early middle age to advanced age. The very long (3 hours +) film has a stately pace, relentlessly moving not towards a wham-bang gangland climax, but to a gradual ebbing of life and energy, with the main characters utterly unchanged throughout in their attitudes or expressions, much like Boyhood. One meta-theme of the movie seems to be people are who they are, and rarely change much. Of course, this is hard to take from a character whose life was devoted to violence and crime, but Scorcese proceeds in such a calm, measured way that the film is oddly peaceful in affect. This is a far cry from the operatic violence and drama Scorcese’s exciting early works like Raging Bull (1976). Even the mafia executions are low key, almost offstage like Shakespeare sometimes portrayed violence. The movie relies on viewers’ patience, and willingness to adopt an elegiac, reflective attitude at odds with the typical Scorcese movie. In the end it really feels like the director’s reflection on his own aging. BTW, the digital facial effects work great, but it is very hard for the now 76 year old DeNiro to move his body like a young man in the film’s early scenes, perhaps lessening the effect somewhat.


The Underlying Chris, a new play by Pulitzer nominee Will Eno, solves the dilemma of aging on the stage with live actors using a very 2019 approach. The same character (the androgynous baby Chris) is followed from birth to death using a mix of male and female actors of different voice types and races, not really trying to unify mannerisms or vocal inflection to maintain continuity. Instead, the audience is asked to suspend disbelief and let the character’s personal/plot development create the continuity. Unlike Boyhood or The Irishman, here we are asked to see a person not as a bundle of tics, vocal characteristics, and recognizable nonverbal signals that remain unchanged, but instead as an arc of growth, evolution, success, and failure. The person is what he/she does, not who he/she is made up of, suggesting the triumph of nurture over nature. I found the play unsatisfying and uninteresting, not least because the arc of Chris’ life was unmemorable, so having him/her played by mixed characters did not really add much, and was often more distracting than revelatory. I suppose the play can be seen as a commentary on the millennial/GenZ fascination with reinvention or gender fluidity (the playwright is 54), or on resilience, since Chris is beset throughout with distant or absent parents and with a series of medical problems, yet develops into a warm, empathetic older adult self far advanced from the callous, narcissistic Chris of youth and middle age. Some NY critics seemed moved by this optimistic transformation, but I was not. I never found the plot adequately connected-together to really care about how Chris turned out. I’m not sure I really cared in Boyhood either (I did in the After… movies), but there seeing the physical transformation in real life compensated for any plot deficiencies.

Which leads us to real real life, and the most successful portrayal of aging of these productions. 63 Up is the latest in a series of nine documentary films begun in 1962 by British director Michael Apted, following the same group of 15 children from age 7 (7 Up) to late middle age (63 Up), with a film every seven years. I have seen most of these, and, being about the same age as the people in the documentary, have grown up along with the series. Apted uses a mix of interviews with filming the people in real life with family, at jobs, etc. The current scenes are intercut with interviews from the earlier films, so we see many mannerisms change little if at all, particularly voice and basic personality (e.g. introversion/extroversion). In that sense it is a real-life version of Boyhood or The Irishman.
 
The series has had an evolving political agenda. Apted began it as a demonstration and critique of the British class system, which he saw as chaining people to their class-assigned destiny at birth. The careers of the characters have generally confirmed that hypothesis, most comically in the stuffy upper class boy who correctly predicts his public school, university, area of study, and career (barrister) at age seven, then speaks just as stuffily and disinterestedly about it at age 63 (he's shown at right, above). Yet some of the participants changed. One woman chastises the director for asking the girls only questions about marriage and traditional female roles when the series began in the 1960s, and missing the way women evolved in the 1970s. The documentary confirms this, too, as we follow several of the girls from preening about boys and dresses to middle management in a variety of academic and business fields. This advance of women was likely a result most unanticipated by Apted as a 22 year old director in 1962, but now this has become a theme that he dwells on in the recent films. While the boys by and large stayed in their lanes, the girls did not. So this is a mixed result for nature and nurture, and certainly shows that a changing social “nurture” (e.g. the women’s movement) can change life outcomes.



Director Apted still has his own agenda, of course, as he reaches his 80's. He revisits the British class theme (most agree it has helped or hindered them, though not as much as in the 1960s), and as a director, surely picks elements of each story to make a good movie. But still, it was wonderful and reassuring to see several characters who had dropped out of the films in middle age return to this one, as age made them care less about others’ opinions--some of these people developed considerable fame, or notoriety from the earlier films, leading to harassment online and in the press. These subjects now generally see the films as a reassuring and calming salve, a tradition like a class reunion. While one has now died, and another continues to struggle with mental illness, we see how illness is not a linear, inevitable thing, since the man struggling with depression has also become a Labour district leader and winner of local elections. Of the various treatments of aging I included in this essay, 63 Up was the most inspiring and effective—I agree with one of the subjects in wishing Mr. Apted good health and a long life so we can see 70 Up and 77 Up in the next decades.

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